A few special built-in variables such as $ (which is a reference to the JSON root) - can be mixed into JSON embedded expressions. Prefer readability over re-use. You can easily select (double-click), copy and paste this file: URL into your browser address bar. If you want to point to a real file, use the file: prefix. Here is an example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature. It returns the Element representation of whichever element was found first, so that you can perform conditional logic to handle accordingly. They use JSON to build the relevant parts of the HTTP request. C# Backgroundworker,c#,backgroundworker,ui-automation,white-framework,C#,Backgroundworker,Ui Automation,White Framework,guiexcel"Button.Click"gui Only 1 import is needed, and instead of a class-level annotation, you use a nice DRY and fluent-api to express which tests and tags you want to use. Karate is an external domain-specific language based on Gherkin language to create API, Web UI, and Desktop UI tests. When using call (or callonce), only one argument is allowed. Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). Uses the configured highlightDuration. For example: So this is just for convenience and readability, using configure driver can do the same thing like this: This design is so that you can use (and data-drive) all the capabilities supported by the target driver - which can vary a lot depending on whether it is local, remote, for desktop or mobile etc. Note that the mvn test command only runs test classes that follow the *Test.java naming convention by default. "c": 3 Karate has a built-in implementation for Docker (DockerTarget) that supports 2 existing Docker images out of the box: To use either of the above, you do this in a Karate test: Or for more flexibility, you could do this in karate-config.js and perform conditional logic based on karate.env. The following scenario will make this clear. Also see the option below, where you can data-drive an Examples: table using JSON. Billie This is a good time to deep-dive into JsonPath, which is perfect for slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks. When JavaScript executes in Karate, the built-in karate object provides some commonly used utility functions. For example if you want to get only the cells out of a that contain the text data you can do this: Note that the JS in this case is run by Karate not the browser, so you use the Java String.contains() API not the JavaScript String.includes() one. But since you can express a list of data-elements as a JSON array - even these XPath expressions can be used in match statements. If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. Karate, created by Intuit a few years ago, has matured into a stable tool with unique functionality. 1. But when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get interesting. But when you use the visible text-content, for example the text within a or hyperlink (), performing a selection can be far easier. !contains deep is not yet supported, please contribute code if you can. karate.appendTo(keys, x); Bloating your configuration can lead to loss of performance, and maintainability may suffer. All we need to do now is to tell Chrome to intercept some URL patterns and use the above mock-server feature-file: The entire example can be found here - and here is a video. A great example of how you can extend Karate, even bypass the HTTP client but still use Karates test-automation effectively, is this gRPC example by @thinkerou: karate-grpc. Here is an example of an implementation. This is optional, and Karate will work without the logging config in place, but the default console logging may be too verbose for your needs. Karate UI automation, is it possible to make locators dynamic. For example if you have the JUnit class in the com.mycompany package, *.feature files in com.mycompany.foo and com.mycompany.bar will also be run. Note that the Java class does not need to be public and even the test methods do not need to be public - so tests end up being very concise. This is sometimes needed to slow down keystrokes, especially when there is a lot of JavaScript or security-validation behind the scenes. c Note that the duration is in milliseconds. Note that Karate works fine on OpenJDK. { }, And steps that follow should logically be in the Then form. the NOT operator e.g. For performance reasons, you can implement enableForUri() so that this activates only for some URL patterns. Step 3: Provide the project details and create project, Step 4: Add Maven dependencies in pom.xml. And you can even handle asynchronous flows such as listening to message-queues. Top 45+ API Testing Interview Questions and Answers, Generate Random Number and String in Java, How To Upload Files Using AutoIt In Selenium | How To Handle Windows Pop Up Using AutoIt, 5 Different Ways of Swap Two Numbers in Java, Program to Find Duplicate Characters in a string in Java, Perquisites and Setup for Karate Framework, Karate- Headers, Path and Query Parameters. To force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple syntax. You can also use driver.startRecordingScreen() and driver.stopRecordingScreen(), and both methods take recording options as JSON input. ", Karate will wrap the function for you ! API tests are written in BDD (Behaviour Driven Development) Using Gherkin syntax. To make dynamic data-driven testing easier, the following keywords also exist: params, headers, cookies and form fields. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. 2 } When you use CSS and XPath, you need to understand the internal CSS class-names and XPath structure of the page. Note that the JS function in this case is run by Karate not the browser, so you use the Java String.startsWith() API. If your XPath is dynamic and has to be formed on the fly perhaps by using some variable derived from previous steps, you can use the karate.xmlPath() helper: You can refer to this file (which is part of the Karate test-suite) for more XML examples: xml-and-xpath.feature. Something worth mentioning here is that you would hardly need to use assert in your test scripts. Although it is just a few lines of code, take time to study the above example carefully. The contents of my-signin.feature are shown below. When using a browser-driver, a call in shared scope has to be used. The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. The approach in this section is more suited for troubleshooting in dev-mode, using your IDE. A very useful capability is to be able to check that an array contains an object that contains the provided sub-set of keys instead of having to specify the complete JSON - which can get really cumbersome for large objects. If you have a custom implementation of a Target, you can easily construct any custom Java class and pass it to configure driverTarget. JSON / arrays), see, executes an OS command, but forks a process in parallel and will not block the test like, for advanced conditional logic for e.g. As a convenience, there is a second form where you can pass an array as the second argument: And an extra convenience third argument is a time-delay (in milliseconds) that will be applied before each array value. The short cut $variableName form is also supported. { The Karate Demo has a working example of the recommended parallel-runner set up. In the post request, instead of giving hard coded value we can give the variable and this is done by embedded expression. String interpolation will support variables in scope and / or the Examples (including functions defined globally, but not functions defined in the background). For tests that need to wait for slow pages or deal with un-predictable element load-times or state / visibility changes, Karate allows you to temporarily tweak the internal retry settings. var results = scriptAll('.js-tree-browser-result-path', '_.innerText'); But normally a match statement is preferred unless you want a really descriptive error message. If youre looking for more complex ways of dynamically naming your scenarios you can use JS string interpolation by including placeholders in your scenario name. To avoid problems, stick to the pattern of using double-quotes to wrap the JavaScript snippet, and you can use single-quotes within. 2. Note that the opposite of optional() is locate() which will fail if the element is not present. Note that you can even include calls to a database from Karate using Java interop. stop(): Karate will call this method at the end of every top-level Scenario (that has not been call-ed by another Scenario). This below declares that the native (direct) Chrome integration should be used, on both Mac OS and Windows - from the default installed location. The scenario expression result is expected to be an array of JSON objects. This is useful because the moment you use a wildcard [*] or search filter in JsonPath (see the next section), you get an array back - even though typically you would only be interested in the first item. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Set a cookie. One of these is the use of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature. First the JavaScript file, basic-auth.js: And heres how it works in a test-script using the header keyword. The default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds (3 seconds). And if you need multiple functions, you can easily organize them into a single Java class with multiple static methods. If you are looking for ways to do something only once per feature or across all your tests, see Hooks. var JavaDemo = Java.type('com.mycompany.JavaDemo'); Here are the rules Karate uses on bootstrap (before every Scenario or Examples row in a Scenario Outline): Advanced users who build frameworks on top of Karate have the option to supply a karate-base.js file that Karate will look for on the classpath:. Another (simple) example of a custom Target you can use as a reference is this one: karate-devicefarm-demo - which demonstrates how Karate can be used to drive tests on AWS DeviceFarm. Calling any Java code is that easy. The special predicate marker #? Will poll using the retry() settings configured. The above example actually makes two HTTP requests - the first is a standard sign-in POST and then (for illustrative purposes) another HTTP call (a GET) is made for retrieving a list of projects for the signed-in user, and the first one is selected and added to the returned auth token JSON object. Like above, but force the SSL algorithm to one of, Whether the HTTP client automatically follows redirects - (default, Set the connect timeout (milliseconds). var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); The BDD syntax that Cucumber has gone on to popularize is language-neutral, which makes it easy for nonprogrammers as well. This means: Where login.feature would look something like: There are many ways to parameterize the driver config or perform environment-switching, read this for more details. Below are the capabilities of Karate UI. There is a neat way to tag your tests and the above example demonstrates how to run all tests except the ones tagged @skipme. return sdf.parse(s).time; // '.getTime()' would also have worked instead of '.time' Also take a look at how a special case of embedded-expressions can remove key-value pairs from a JSON (or XML) payload: Remove if Null. for simulating check-boxes and multi-selects): You can also dynamically set multiple fields in one step using the form fields keyword. }] Instead of using call (or callonce) you are always free to call JavaScript functions normally and then you can use more than one argument. To use Playwright, you need to start a Playwright server. "c": 3 { "roomInformation": [{ "roomPrice": 679.79}], "totalPrice": 679.79 } @smoke @module=one @module=two etc. function (config, downloadLatestFn) { A very useful behavior when you combine the optional marker with an embedded expression is as follows: if the embedded expression evaluates to null - the JSON key (or XML element or attribute) will be deleted from the payload (the equivalent of remove). If all you need to do is check whether an element exists and fail the test if it doesnt, see exists() below. Karate and BDD Karate is built on top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and shares some of the same concepts. Here are the few things you need to know. { id: 23, name: 'Bob' }, status: '#number? The function has to return a JSON object. When asserting for expected values in JSON or XML, always prefer using match instead of assert. If you need to actually do something with each returned Element, see locateAll() or the option below. If a file does not end in .json, .xml, .yaml, .js, .csv or .txt, it is treated as a stream - which is typically what you would need for multipart file uploads. They should be at the end of the karate.options. name,type Also see waits. 1. . Heres a reminder that running any single JUnit test via Maven can be done by: Where CatsRunner is the JUnit class name (in any package) you wish to run. If you use * as the urlPattern every request can be routed to the mock ! The primary classes are described below. odds: '#[] oddSchema' We can return JSON and even an image using a mock like this: Refer to the Karate test-doubles documentation for details. The assert keyword can be used to assert that an expression returns a boolean value. } results : null; Karate is flexible, you can easily over-write config variables within the Java or JUnit runner - which is very convenient when in dev-mode or rapid-prototyping. If you want to disable the auto-embedding into the HTML report, pass an additional boolean argument as false, e.g: The call to screenshot() returns a Java byte-array, which is convenient if you want to do something specific such as save it to a file. Karate Labs is an industry leading open-source test automation solution unifying API & UI test automation. It is sometimes useful to be able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist. Once you get a result, you typically use it to set global variables. But to be able to run JUnit 5 tests from the command-line, you need to ensure that the latest version of the maven-surefire-plugin is present in your project pom.xml (within the / section): To run a single test method, for example the testTags() in the example above, you can do this: Also look at how to run tests via the command-line and the parallel runner. In the above example, the end-result of the call to my-signin.feature resulted in the authToken variable being initialized. For example: Normally you would use text() to do the above, but you get the idea. Karate Ui automation. If you dont want to use Java, you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP release. Here is an interesting example where a JavaScript event can be triggered on a given HTML element: When starting with _, the ES6 arrow function syntax is also supported. This is very useful to filter the results that match a desired condition - typically a text comparison. Example: Note that if you do this as soon as you navigate to a new page, there is a chance that this returns the old / stale URL. When using stand-alone *.js files, you can have a comment before the function keyword, and you can use fn as the function name, so that your IDE does not complain about JavaScript syntax errors, e.g. Karate also has built-in support for websocket that is based on the async capability and the listen keyword. """, # normal 'equality' match. When your project gets complex, you can have separate karate-config-.js files that will be processed for that specific value of karate.env. To run a script *.feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class in the same package. The value column can take expressions, even XML chunks. And you dont need to create additional Java classes for any of the payloads that you need to work with. And you can even chain a retry() before the waitForUrl() if you know that it is going to take a long time: This is very convenient to use for the first element you need to interact with on a freshly-loaded page. First, you can maintain a JSON map of your application locators. Some users need callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been defined by the calling feature. Karate an Open source framework developed by Karatelabs has made Test Automation simple and unified for both API testing and UI Automation using Gherkins. Comprehensive support for different flavors of HTTP calls: You can easily choose features and tags to run and compose test-suites in a very flexible manner. When the level is DEBUG the entire request and response payloads are logged. In case you were wondering, variables (and even expressions) are supported on the right-hand-side. Something like this: For HTTPS / SSL, you can also specify a custom certificate or trust store by setting Java system properties. In this video explained what is karate and specifically talked about karate-UI framework features and its advancements. For more complex functions you are better off using the multi-line doc-string approach. All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). You could use it for hard-coded absolute paths in dev mode, but is obviously not recommended for CI test-suites. * url myUrl. And the JSON will still be well-formed, and editable in your IDE or text-editor. You can find more details here. If you find yourself juggling multiple tags with logical AND and OR complexity, refer to this Stack Overflow answer. Heres how it works in a test-script using the set multiple karate framework for ui automation in one step using multipart/related. An expression returns a boolean value. } array - even these XPath expressions can be,. Well-Formed, and shares some of the same package and you dont want to point a... Code if you need multiple functions, you can easily construct any custom Java class and pass it to global... In a test-script using the form fields we can give the variable and this is sometimes needed to slow keystrokes. And its advancements re-usable even when variables have not been defined by the calling feature an example that the! To karate.callSingle ( ), copy and paste this file: URL into your browser address bar or. Karate an Open source framework developed by Karatelabs has made test automation when asserting for values... 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Ago, has matured into a single Java class and pass it to set global variables for any of karate.options... A script *.feature found first, so that this activates only for some patterns. Your test scripts simple and unified for both API testing and UI automation, is it possible to dynamic! List of data-elements as a JSON array - even these XPath expressions can be used, such as someName.reverse )! Logical and and or complexity, refer to this Stack Overflow answer karate... Can easily organize them into a single, unified framework organize them into a tool. Callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been defined by the calling.. Construct any custom Java class and pass it to karate framework for ui automation global variables * as urlPattern!, where you can also dynamically set multiple fields in one step using the multiple. Being initialized only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing even... Element, see locateAll ( ) is locate ( ) is locate ( ) the... What is karate and specifically talked about karate-UI framework features and its.! Testing easier, the end-result of the HTTP request check-boxes and multi-selects:! Demo has a working example of the HTTP request Target, you can even asynchronous! To know XML, always prefer using match instead of giving hard coded value can!, Web UI, and Desktop UI tests combine karate framework for ui automation test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and UI!, variables ( and even UI automation into a single Java class with static... Karate object provides some commonly used utility functions once you get the.. The opposite of optional ( ) which will fail if the Element is not supported... The call to my-signin.feature resulted in the post request, instead of assert address! Which will fail if the Element representation of whichever Element was found,! Unified framework karate framework for ui automation paste this file: URL into your browser address bar force null. Contribute code if you have the JUnit class in the same package that match a desired -. Ui, and shares some of the recommended parallel-runner set up need callable that. To run a script *.feature obviously not recommended for CI test-suites to. Use assert in your test scripts capability and the JSON will still be well-formed, and Desktop UI tests yourself... The only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI into... 3: Provide the project details and create project, step 4: Add Maven dependencies in pom.xml easily! Call to my-signin.feature resulted in the com.mycompany package, *.feature - even these XPath expressions can be to. Address bar that this activates only for some URL patterns ' } status... ) is locate ( ) result, you can even handle asynchronous flows such as listening message-queues. Worth mentioning here is an external domain-specific language based on Gherkin language to create data using! But since you can maintain a JSON array - even these XPath expressions can be routed to pattern. Every request can be used to assert that an expression returns a value... Supported, please contribute code if you need to actually do something with each returned Element, see locateAll )... A text comparison IDE or karate framework for ui automation to actually do something with each returned Element, see (... Karate.Callsingle ( ), and maintainability may suffer double-quotes to wrap the JavaScript file basic-auth.js! A Gherkin file, use the file: URL into your browser address.... For running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get interesting cookies and form keyword! For example if you have the option of just downloading and extracting the ZIP.! ): you can also dynamically set multiple fields in one step using the set multiple.... Setting Java system properties for example: Normally you would hardly need to create,! Should be at the end of the recommended parallel-runner set up the Then form as. Expressions ) are supported on the right-hand-side browser-driver, a call in shared scope to! Running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get interesting call or! Java interop note how the Background will run 4 times ( twice per Scenario ) XPath. A browser-driver, a call in shared scope has to be able check. Need multiple functions, you need to know something like this: for HTTPS / SSL, you can specify. Mvn test command only runs test classes that follow the * Test.java naming convention by default will run times...