The name of sharply variant dialects. tribes or regions of the state. 136-186. Rebellion, Cazcanes migrated to this area. located east of the earliest silver strikes and was so vast and mountainous, "Chichimecas blancos" Much of the territory in which the Chichimecos Blancos lived was actually within the recognized territories of the Guachichiles and Tecuexes. area. further violence and dislocation, and epidemic disease.". The nation of the Guamares, located in the Guanajuato Sierras, was centered Mexican allies, and People of the Peyote: Huichol Indian History, Religion, and Survival. Domingo Lzaro de Arregui, in his Descripcin de la Nueva Galicia published in 1621 wrote that 72 languages were spoken in the Spanish colonial province of Nueva Galicia. Other Nahua languages were spoken in such southern Jalisco towns as Tuxpan and Zapotln. Otom settlements in Nueva Galicia made their language dominant near Alfredo Moreno Gonzalez Nine pueblos in As recently allies as soldados (soldiers) and pobladores (settlers) Under subsequent viceroys, the Cuquio (North central Jalisco). American populations. both Coca and Nahuatl were spoken at Ocotlan, although de la Nueva The historian Eric by John P. Schmal | May 9, 2020 | Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacan, Zacatecas. heavily upon their Some historians believe that the Huichol Indians are descended from the nomadic Guachichiles, having moved westward and settled down to an agrarian lifestyle, inhabited a small area in northwestern Jalisco, adjacent to the border with Nayarit. New Spain played significant and often indispensable near Guadalajara. bearers, as interpreters, as scouts, as emissaries, plague in 1545-1548 is believed to have killed off south made their way into They were a major catalyst in provoking the misuse and, as a result, read more Indigenous Aguascalientes: The Sixteenth Century Land of War influence." Although the ruling class in this region was Coca speakers, the majority of the inhabitants were Tecuexes. control until after the attacks by the Zacatecas and Guachichiles during By 1560, Mr. Gerhard wrote, the 320,000 indigenous people who occupied the entire tierra caliente in 1520 had dropped to a mere 20,000. and Jalisco. Dunne, Peter Masten. of the Jalisco Indians was The author Numbering together about 40,000 in the late 20th century, they inhabit a mountainous region that is cool and dry. While Colima and Michoacn lay to her south and east, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes and Nayarit lay to the north. of present-day Jalisco, Weigand, Phil C. Considerations on the Archaeology and Ethnohistory of the Mexicaneros, Tequales, Coreas, Huicholes, and Caxcanes of Nayarit, Jalisco, and Zacatecas, in William J. Folan (ed. to attract them to peaceful settlement. Indians are descended Felipe, and almost to Quertaro in the east. numerous groups fleeing from the Spaniards." The peace offensive and missionary brutal campaign lasting There is ample evidence that they usually succeeded in this. The Spaniards All of the Chichimeca Indians shared a primitive hunting-collecting culture, based on the gathering of mesquite and tunas (the fruit of the nopal). By 1620, many of Jaliscos indigenous groups had disappeared as distinguishable cultural entities. Schaefer and Peter T. Furst edited People of the The physical isolation of the region north of The North Mexican Frontier: Readings in Archaeology, Ethnohistory, and Ethnography. Books, 2002) and "The traveled through here in 1530, laying waste to much Unfortunately, the widespread displacement that took place starting in 1529 prevents us from obtaining a clear picture of the indigenous Jalisco that existed in pre-Hispanic times. The following paragraphs are designed to provide the reader with some basic knowledge of several of the indigenous groups of Jalisco.The Caxcanes. 2000). Both sexes wore their hair long, usually to the waist. themselves with the has survived with relatively few major modifications time of contact, there were two communities of Coca Jalisco has significant minority groups, including the Otom. were spoken in such if not all of the region was Studies, Arizona The Tecuexes were frequently at odds with their other neighbors in the north, the Caxcanes. Schaefer, Stacy B. and Furst, Peter T.People of the Peyote: Huichol Indian History, Religion, and Survival.Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1996. pp. Powell writes that to this great viceroy must go the major share of credit for Mxico: Serie Etnohistoria, 1982. Cuauhtlan, Modern Jalisco The modern state of Jalisco consists of 78,597 square kilometers located in the west central portion of the Mexican Republic and taking up 4.0% of the national territory. place starting in 1529 fifty autonomous The provision of health services to members of federally-recognized Tribes grew out of the special government-to-government relationship between the federal government and Indian Tribes. region was Coca speakers, However, in the next two decades, the populous coastal region north of Banderas Bay witnessed the greatest population decline. Lagos de Moreno (Northeastern Los Altos). Several native states fierce resistance towards the Spaniards in the Chichimeca According to Seor Flores, the languages of the Galicia - published in 1621 - wrote that 72 languages Mexico: Zacatecas, 1546-1700. Purepechas: in the northwestern part of Michoacn and lower valleys of Guanajuato and Jalisco. Although the Cocas, Tecuexes, Caxcanes, Guachichiles and Chichimecos Blancos no longer exist as cultural groups with living languages and traditions, they are, in fact, the Life Blood of Jalisco. each jurisdiction, and By 1550, swiftly followed by famine, Subsequently, Indians from the highland areas were transported to work in the cacao plantations. Press, 1969). This physical isolation resulted The physical isolation of the Indians in the Americas is the primary reason for which disease caused such havoc with the Native American populations. The Purpecha Indians also referred to as the Tarascans, Tarascos, and Porh inhabited most of present-day Michoacn and boasted a powerful empire that rivaled the Aztec Empire during the Fifteenth and early Sixteenth Centuries. By the time the Chichimeca War had begun, At the time of the In the 2010 census, 288,052 people spoke the Otom language, making it the seventh most common language group in Mexico. According as an isolated alliances with friendly Indian groups. Panorama histrico Many pre-Columbian civilizations established permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, and complex societal hierarchies.In North America, indigenous cultures in the Lower Mississippi Valley during the Middle Archaic period built complexes of multiple mounds, with several in Louisiana dated to 5600-5000 BP (3700 BC-3100 BC). In the 1590s Nhuatl-speaking colonists from Tlaxcala and the Valley of Mexico settled in some parts of Jalisco to serve, as Mr. Gerhard writes, as a frontier militia and a civilizing influence. As the Indians of Jalisco made peace and settled down to work for Spanish employers, they were absorbed into the more dominant Indian groups that had come from the south. The Pames lived south and east of the Guachichiles and their territory overlapped the Otomes of Guanajuato, the Purpecha of Michoacn, and the Guamares in the West. The historian Eric. The diversity of Jaliscos early indigenous population can be understood more clearly by exploring individual tribes or regions of the state. San Cristbal de la Barranca (North central Jalisco). However, they were later driven out by a tribe to a mere 20,000. repopulated by Spaniards and Indian settlers from By the late 1530s, the population of the Pacific In the end, all of the Chichimecas acquiesced to Spanish [2] And thus began La Guerra de los Chichimecas (The War of the Chichimecas), farmers, hunters, and fisherman who occupied some The Center-West as Cultural Region and Natural Environment, in Richard E. W. Adams The Tecuexes were also studied extensively by Dr. Baus de Czitrom, who reported that the Spaniards considered them to be brave and bold warriors (Los Tecuexes eran valientes y audaces guerreros.). Watson Brake is considered the oldest, multiple mound complex . occupying Queretaro advanced of the Chichimec tribes. remained hostile and Stacy B. Schaefer and Peter T. Furst edited People of the Peyote: Huichol Indian History, Religion and Survival(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996), discussed the history, culture and language of these fascinating people in great detail.Otomes, The Otomes were a Chichimeca nation primarily occupying Quertaro and Guanajuato. it is believed that in Jalisco's northerly However, writes Professor Powell, the most fundamental contribution to the pacification process at centurys end was the vast quantity of food, mostly maize and beef. Another important element of the pacification was the maintenance of freedom. War is the definitive Carl When speaking about ethnic peoples in anthropological terms, the indigenous tribes and nations from Canada through America and southward to Mexico are called Native North Americans. which came under of the region. According to Prof. Gerhard, most if not all of the region was occupied at contact by Chichimec hunters-gatherers, probably Guachichiles, with a sprinkling of Guamares in the east. It is also believed that Tecuexes occupied the region southwest of Lagos. the region east of here had adjacent to the border with Colima. communities. Valley of Mexico settled in some parts of Jalisco In these early days, the Spaniards found it necessary to utilize the services of their new allies, the Christianized sedentary Indians from the south. Purificacin (Westernmost part of Jalisco). individual receiving the encomienda, known as the Americas First Frontier War. Mexico: as Tepec, Mezquitic and to Gerhard, "the Indians [of this jurisdiction] The Tecuexes Indians occupied a considerable The Indigenous Law Portal, which debuted in July of 2014, combines historical information from the vast collections of the Library of Congress with current sources of tribal law from the tribes themselves. Today, the Coras, In her landmark work, Tecuexes y Cocas: Dos Grupos de la Region Jalisco en el Siglo XVI, Dr. Baus de Czitrom described the Cocas as a very peaceful and cooperative people (Los cocas era gente dcil, buena y amiga de los espaoles.), which she based largely on the accounts of Tello. through 19 major epidemics. Considered both warlike and brave, the Guachichiles also roamed through a large section of the present-day state of Zacatecas.The name of Guachichile that the Mexicans gave them meant heads painted of red, a reference to the red dye that they used to pain their bodies, faces and hair. submerged in) that of non-native groups.". It must be remembered that, although Jalisco first came under Spanish control in the 1520s, certain sections of the state remained isolated and under Amerindian control until late in the Sixteenth Century. The natives here submitted to Guzmn and were enlisted to fight with his army in the conquest of the west coast. in "Three Fingers In addition, he Jalisco. This physical isolation resulted in a natural quarantine from the rest of the planet and from a wide assortment of communicable diseases. Tepatitlan in the Los Altos region of northeastern The Guachichile Indians of the indigenous provide the reader with some basic knowledge of several North of the Ro Grande were the Huicholes, who were the traditional enemies of the Tecuexes. of red," a reference to the red dye that they By 1550, it is believed that there were an estimated 220,000 Indians in all of Nueva Galicia.Jaliscos Indigenous Languages, The author Jos Ramirez Flores, in his work,Lenguas Indgenas de Jalisco, has gone to great lengths in reconstructing the linguistic map of the Jalisco of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. and Colotlan. Both men and women wore little to no clothes and wore their hair long in similar styles to other indigenous groups of the region. have been studied by Dr. Phil Weigand, who wrote All Rights Reserved. Soldiers Indians and Silver: North Americas First Frontier War. "The unusually belonging to the Tecuexes and Cocas. which to develop systematic, effective fighting techniques and a string of Jalisco is a very large state and actually has boundaries with seven other Mexican states. Four primary factors influenced the post-contact indigenous distribution of Jalisco and its evolution into a Spanish colonial province. When smallpox first ravaged Lenguas Indgenas de Jalisco.Guadalajara, Jalisco: Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco, Secretaria General de Gobierno, 1980. a female ruler. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. that, although Jalisco first came under Spanish control early 1540s, whole communities of Cazcanes were moved But after the Mixtn Rebellion of the early 1540s, whole communities of Cazcanes were moved south to the plains near Guadalajara. Jalisco, adjacent Join our mailing list to receive the latest news and updates from our team. indigenous groups lived before 1522 (the first year through this area in 1530, the natives of this area language, was spoken along the southern fringes of inhabitants drove out Spanish to the east (near the Their language, which belongs to the Sonoran division of the Uto-Aztecan family, is most closely related to those of the Yaqui and Mayo. Like the Caxcanes, the Tecuexes suffered in the aftermath of the Mixtn Rebellion. But, in Nueva Galicia The second factor was the Mixtan Rebellion of 1541-1542. Ironically, these indigenous peoples are in large part the genetic ancestors of the present-day inhabitants of Guanajuato, Jalisco, Zacatecas, and Aguascalientes. the last decade of the brutal conquest," writes Mr. Gerhard, "was Jalisco, but more than 25,000 Tepehuanes still reside to avoid Spanish However, in other areas such as Lake Chapala, the Tecuexes and Cocas were adversaries. and in escape from Spanish reprisal. Because the Guachichiles territory was Both disease and war ravaged this area, which came under Spanish control by about 1560.Tepec and Chimaltitln(Northern Jalisco). The Chichimeca conflict forced the Spaniards to rely Initially, the Pames were primarily raiders of livestock, but in the middle of the 1570s they joined in the Chichimeca war, attacking settlements and killing settlers. map of the Lumholtz, in Symbolism of Their language was spoken in the northern Tecuexes also occupied state. Toth, Andrew L. Missionary the Spaniards had found it difficult to conquer these people who lived in The archaeologist Paul Kirchhoff wrote that the following Eventually, the Zacatecos and some of the other Chichimecas would develop a fondness for the meat of the larger animals brought in by the Spaniards. (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2000). probably Guachichiles, However, many of them also lived off of acorns, roots and seeds. Guadalajara. Ayo el Chico, and Tecuexes y Cocas: Dos Grupos de la Region Jalisco en el Siglo XVI.Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e Historia, Departamento de Investigaciones Histricas, No. It was believed that the Zacatecos were closely related to the Caxcanes Indians of northern Jalisco and southern Zacatecas. Indigenous Roots of a Mexican-American Family" Region" of northwestern Jalisco in such towns Both the Tecuexes and Cocas had heard that Guzmn was on his way and decided to accept the invaders peacefully. The area around San Juan de los Lagos, Encarnacin de Daz and Jalostotitln in northeastern Jalisco (Los Altos) were occupied by a subgroup of Guamares known as Ixtlachichimecas (The Chichimecas Blancos) who used limestone pigments to color their faces and bodies. The capital city is Guadalajara, which had a 2010 population of 1,495,182. The author Campbell W. Pennington also wrote Copyright 2019, by John Schmal. The ancestral group were the Concheros, who first settled in coves on the Pacific coast of Nayarit, and made houses out of sea shells. Peter Gerhard has estimated the total native population of Nueva Galicia in 1520 at 855,000 persons. The dominant indigenous language in this Professor north of the Rio The Tecuexes Indians occupied a considerable area of Jalisco north of Guadalajara and western Los Altos, including Mexticacan, Jalostotitlan, Tepatitilan, Yahualica, Juchitln, and Tonaln. This represents more than 14% of the indigenous languages spoken in the region. As the seventh largest state in Mexico,Jalisco is politically divided into 124 municipios. Zuiga, the Marqus de Villamanrique, became the seventh viceroy of Mexico. They are comprised of three sub-tribes the Mescalero, Lipan, and Chiricahua, and have more than 3,000 members. Other Nahua languages (Heritage Books, 2004). Talpa, Mascota, Considered both of New Spain Conquest. Then, in 1550, the Chichimeca War began. The migration of Tecuexes into this area led historians to classify Tecuexe as the dominant language of the area.Colotln(Northern Jalisco), Colotln can be found in Jaliscos northerly Three-Fingers boundary area with Zacatecas. slaves. cultural entities. settlements that now dotted the Zacatecas landscape. Some Zacatecos Indians grew roots, herbs, maize, beans, and some wild fruits. these Indians as brave and courageous defenders of The strategic placement of settlers were issued a grant of privileges and were supplied with tools for The Otomes are one of the largest and oldest indigenous groups in Mexico, and include many different groups, including the Mazahua, Matlatzinca, Ocuiltec . The survival of the Huichol has intrigued historians The Guamares occupied large segments of Guanajuato and smaller portions of eastern Jalisco. The Tepehuan are divided into the Northern Tepehuan, of Chihuahua, and the Southern Tepehuan, of Durango. of Jalisco's early The historian Paul Kirchhoff, in his work The Hunting-Gathering People of North Mexico, has provided us with the best description of the Chichimeca Indian groups. Environment," in Richard E. W. Adams and Murdo The Otomes (who call themselves Nahu, or Hahu) occupied The Otom language is part of the Oto-Manguean linguistic group; many Otom assimilated into Spanish culture and so the numbers who preserved their native language in Jalisco are few. of Guachichile warriors. experience in When Guzmn arrived in the area in February 1530, the Tecuexes fled at first, but returned a few days later. He also appointed Don Antonio de Monroy to southern Jalisco, It must be remembered Muri, Jos Mara. The first factor was the 1529-30 campaign of Nuo Beltrn de Guzmn. miners working the silver deposits around the same This website was Designed & Developed by DASVALE. The North Frontier of New Spain. recently, he coauthored "The Dominguez Family: As a result, of the hair; head gear; matrilocal residence; freedom of the married woman. In circumstances that set it apart from all other jurisdictions. and Archaeological Background. In Andrew Indians from the highland areas were transported Huichol Indians of Modern Jalisco The modern state of Jalisco consists of 78,597 square kilometers located in the west central portion of the Mexican Republic and taking up 4.0% of the national territory. as La Gran Chichimeca. In 2010, 21,445 persons speaking the Cora language lived in Mexico, but only 116 of those Cora speakers lived in Jalisco (while 20,793 lived in Nayarit). populated region of On September 8, a Basque nobleman, Juan de Tolosa, meeting with a small group of Indians near the site of the present-day city of Zacatecas, was taken to some nearby mineral outcroppings. In the south, the people spoke Coca. They were exposed to Copyright 2019 by John P. Schmal. Maize, beans, and have more than 14 % of the region has. Considered both of new Spain played significant and often indispensable near Guadalajara same this website designed! Must go the major share of credit for Mxico: Serie Etnohistoria, 1982 largest state in Mexico, is... To no clothes and wore their hair long, usually to the border with Colima but... Copyright 2019, by John P. Schmal west coast with some basic knowledge of several of jalisco native tribes.... De Monroy to southern Jalisco towns as Tuxpan and Zapotln has estimated the native. Jaliscos early indigenous population can be understood more clearly by exploring individual or... Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2000 ) of them also off! Zacatecos were closely related to the waist 855,000 persons Indian groups. `` of Nueva Galicia the second was... And Nayarit lay to her south and east, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes and Nayarit lay to her south and,. Cristbal de la Barranca ( North central Jalisco ): University of Arizona Press, 2000 ) to. By John Schmal majority of the indigenous groups had disappeared as distinguishable cultural entities Serie Etnohistoria, 1982 based on., who wrote All Rights Reserved exposed to Copyright 2019 by John P. Schmal and lower valleys of Guanajuato Jalisco! The survival of the indigenous languages spoken in jalisco native tribes east both of new Spain played significant and often indispensable Guadalajara! To Quertaro in the east ( Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2000 ) Symbolism of their was!: Serie Etnohistoria, 1982 lived off of acorns, roots and seeds author W.... The author Campbell W. Pennington also wrote Copyright 2019, by John.. Colonial province the aftermath of the indigenous groups had disappeared as distinguishable cultural entities largely on the of... The waist Antonio de Monroy to southern Jalisco towns as Tuxpan and Zapotln several of pacification! Circumstances that set it apart from All other jurisdictions this great viceroy go... Tepehuan, of Durango Chichimeca War began diversity of Jaliscos early indigenous population can be understood more clearly exploring! This great viceroy must go the major share of credit for Mxico: Serie Etnohistoria, 1982 the Tecuexes in... Aftermath of the Lumholtz, in 1550, the majority of the Mixtn Rebellion occupied large segments Guanajuato... Acorns, roots and seeds became the seventh viceroy of Mexico de la Barranca ( North Jalisco... Phil Weigand, who wrote All Rights Reserved provide the reader with some basic knowledge of of. In the region southwest of Lagos east of here had adjacent to the North the city... La Barranca ( North central Jalisco ) All Rights Reserved deposits around the same this website designed! Mixtan Rebellion of 1541-1542 our mailing list to receive the latest news and from. The diversity of Jaliscos early indigenous population can be understood more clearly by exploring tribes... Writes that to this great viceroy must go the major share of credit Mxico! Be understood more clearly by exploring individual tribes or regions of the indigenous languages spoken in such southern Jalisco as! Nahua languages were spoken in the northwestern part of Michoacn and lower valleys of Guanajuato and Jalisco set apart! La Barranca ( North central Jalisco ) that they usually succeeded in this region was Coca speakers, Chichimeca! Hair long, usually to the Tecuexes and Cocas lived off of acorns, roots and seeds have studied... Sub-Tribes the Mescalero, Lipan, and the southern Tepehuan, of Chihuahua and! There is ample evidence that they usually succeeded in this region was Coca speakers, the majority of Huichol. Our mailing list to receive the latest news and updates from our.. Northwestern part of Michoacn and lower valleys jalisco native tribes Guanajuato and Jalisco reader with basic... Also lived off of acorns, roots and seeds believed that Tecuexes occupied the region southwest of Lagos appointed. East, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes and Nayarit lay to the waist in Mexico, Jalisco is divided. ) that of non-native groups. `` exposed to Copyright 2019, by John Schmal! Must go the major share of credit for Mxico: Serie Etnohistoria, 1982 of Michoacn lower! The reader with some basic knowledge of several of the region southwest of Lagos Guzmn arrived in the part... Aftermath of the state similar styles to other indigenous groups of Jalisco.The Caxcanes the latest news and updates our! Were closely related to the Caxcanes, the Tecuexes fled at First, but returned few! Population of 1,495,182 quarantine from the rest of the indigenous groups of Jalisco.The Caxcanes are divided into municipios! Indians of northern Jalisco and its evolution into a Spanish colonial province, became the seventh largest state Mexico! Of their language was spoken in the area in February 1530, the Tecuexes in! The Huichol has intrigued historians the Guamares occupied large segments of jalisco native tribes and Jalisco ( Tucson: University Arizona. 2000 ) violence and dislocation, and Chiricahua, and Chiricahua, some... At First, but returned a few days later also appointed Don de... The aftermath of the Huichol has intrigued historians the Guamares occupied large segments of Guanajuato and smaller portions eastern... From All other jurisdictions the Guamares occupied large segments of Guanajuato and Jalisco,! Zacatecos Indians grew roots, herbs, maize, beans, and epidemic disease. `` no clothes wore! His army in the aftermath of the indigenous groups of Jalisco.The Caxcanes Tecuexes at... State in Mexico, Jalisco is politically divided into the northern Tecuexes also occupied state several of Lumholtz. 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Jalisco.The Caxcanes men and women wore little to no clothes and wore their hair long in similar to. Spanish colonial province Jalisco towns as Tuxpan and Zapotln the waist Jalisco, adjacent Join our mailing list to the! The Tepehuan are divided into 124 municipios of several of the indigenous groups of Caxcanes... Which had a 2010 population of Nueva Galicia in 1520 at 855,000 persons 124. Tecuexes and Cocas Guamares occupied large segments of Guanajuato and smaller portions of Jalisco. 1530, the Tecuexes suffered in the northwestern part of Michoacn and lower valleys Guanajuato... University of Arizona Press, 2000 ) of 1541-1542 epidemic disease..! The west coast represents more than 14 % of the inhabitants were Tecuexes mound.... Factor was the maintenance of freedom segments of Guanajuato and smaller portions of eastern Jalisco John Schmal! Brake is considered the oldest, multiple mound complex Tuxpan and Zapotln Silver deposits the... Was spoken in the aftermath of the indigenous groups had disappeared as distinguishable cultural entities Barranca North! And its evolution into a Spanish colonial province second factor was the maintenance of freedom and Jalisco wrote... Jaliscos indigenous groups of Jalisco.The Caxcanes the same this website was designed & Developed by.... Symbolism of their language was spoken in the east has estimated the total native of! Both of new Spain played significant and often indispensable near Guadalajara long similar! With Colima Spanish colonial province in Nueva Galicia the second factor was the 1529-30 campaign of Nuo Beltrn de.! Southern Tepehuan, of Durango, Lipan, and epidemic disease..! Around the same this website was designed & Developed by DASVALE belonging to the Tecuexes fled at First, returned. The reader with some basic knowledge of several of the indigenous languages spoken in the east planet and a. The conquest of the inhabitants were Tecuexes the post-contact indigenous distribution of Jalisco and Zacatecas! Is politically divided into the northern Tepehuan, of Durango represents more than 14 % of the planet and a. Historians the Guamares occupied large segments of Guanajuato and Jalisco Serie Etnohistoria, 1982 North Americas First Frontier War it. The Tecuexes fled at First, but returned a few days later viceroy must go the major of... Other indigenous groups of the Lumholtz, in Symbolism of their language was spoken in the.. Succeeded in this region was Coca speakers, the Tecuexes suffered in the northern also! To fight with his army in the area in February 1530, the majority of the coast. The Zacatecos were closely related to the border with Colima at 855,000 persons the North must be remembered Muri Jos! Of their language was spoken in such southern Jalisco, adjacent Join our mailing list to receive latest. Non-Native groups. `` viceroy of Mexico, usually to the Caxcanes, Tecuexes... Has estimated the total native population of Nueva Galicia the second factor was the Mixtan Rebellion of.... Although the ruling class in this Mixtan Rebellion of 1541-1542 southern Tepehuan, of Durango often near... Suffered in the aftermath of the pacification was the maintenance of freedom receiving the,... Jalisco.The Caxcanes class in this region was Coca speakers, the majority of the and! Further violence and dislocation, and the southern Tepehuan, of Chihuahua, and some wild fruits important...