By Nidhi Bhardwaj: As per recent information, a Colombian court hosted its first legal trial in the metaverse on 15 February, involving a traffic dispute case. The Zani guidelines use a minimum of 10 criteria to determine whether the testimony of a previously hypnotised witness should be admissible in court. "I . appreciated. Say Ted wants to tell the jurors that he thinks Martha is a mean person. 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Opponents of the police use of hypnosis, they would have you believe that we dont know how to get down here to this office tomorrow or what we did yesterday or what I had for supper last night, said Marx Howell, a former Texas patrolman who, in 1979, created a forensic hypnosis training programme for Texas police and has since trained thousands of officers. All Rights Reserved. If we hadnt been able to challenge this piece of evidence then it would have negatively affected him and portrayed him as a violent and aggressive man, James told the National. He also began to read widely about other potentially dubious forms of forensic science, including hypnosis. Thats because criminals who use cryptographycodes, ciphers, and concealed messagesare more numerous than one might expect. Participants were shown in various avatars in the courtroom. One type of forgery is signature forgery. (Photo: Kids Discover). After the hypnosis, she helped police draw a composite sketch of the passenger she thought she saw a thin caucasian man with long hair. As Gardner put it, it is way too risky to use such testimony, particularly in a state that has capital punishment or life without parole. That being said if a pictures worth a thousand words, a video or audio could be worth a million. Those who use hypnosis forensically talk about it as if it were a searchlight, able to pick out particular memories in the murky corners of a traumatised mind. In another high-profile case involving forensic hypnosis, Kosoul Chanthakoummane, a friend of Floress on death row, is also awaiting a decision from the criminal court of appeals. There are ethical concerns if a client is pushing an attorney to use suspect evidence, she adds. In addition to blood spatter analysis, arson science, bite mark analysis and hair microscopy, practices such as ballistics testing and picking suspects out of line-ups using sniffer dogs have all been challenged to varying degrees. This dovetailed with the emergence among scientists of the view that memory was reconstructive rather than recording more like collage than like photojournalism. Enter your email address to receive our monthly newsletter and to be notified about new posts. He based the appeal on a law passed in Texas three years earlier, in May 2013, known as the junk science statute. The letter from a gang member in prison to a friend on the outside seemed normal enough. CNN Sans & 2016 Cable News Network. The problem with hypnosis is that it tends greatly to facilitate not only the retrieval of genuinely remembered data, but also construction of false but nevertheless plausible data to fill in gaps in true memory, wrote a judge in the Zani case. If there is money and credit involved in a transaction, Olson said, there has to be an accounting of that at every step of the way, even if its on a match pack, hotel stationary, or the back of a cocktail napkin., The units forensic examiners are often tasked with decoding encrypted evidence after subjects have been arrested. Students also learn the fundamentals of the case method of legal education and statutory construction, and study how cases progress through the American court system. The cryptocurrency market is volatile, and the recent meltdown illustrated just how quickly things could, Being sued by a credit card company in Florida is a stressful, confusing, and frustrating, Can debt collectors use social media to contact you? We are really good at what we do, said CRRU chief Dan Olson, but we could use some help with this one., In fact, Ricky McCormicks encrypted notes are one of CRRUs top unsolved cases. Pay close attention to the wording, language and overall format of the court summons to verify its authenticity. Therefore, if the court clerk is not able to retrieve anything under the docket number that you were provided, this should serve as a major indicator of fraudulence. But we also spotted a problem: Dozens of the court documents were fakes. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The witness, a Dallas woman named Jill Bargainer, lived next door to the victim. It began with a need the need to improve access to critical information for those who can help solve missing persons and unidentified decedent cases. If the plaintiff has already decided to represent himself or herself in this case, then you will see his or her signature on the summons instead of an attorney. The neighbors testimony may also be evidence. The only clues regarding the homicide were two encrypted notes found in the victims pants pockets. and enemies. Determining the language used; 2. In 1981, New Jersey adopted a six-part test for the admissibility of hypnotically induced testimony, designed to minimise the risk that witnesses were having false memories suggested to them by the police. You can use the situation below or find other sample cases by doing a key-word search such as [Name of State] Bar Association Mock Trial Middle School.. ZIP 2. "Look, when it comes to this kind of suppression, 'hiding,' pushing down work, it's dependent on a number of factors, a lot of which depends on Google," Rooney said. Millions of borrowers will be impacted by the court's decision. As a young psychologist in the 1970s, Lynn was a true believer in the power of hypnosis to retrieve memories, he later testified in a hearing in Floress case. The confidence expressed by a witness is the single most important factor in persuading jurors that a witness correctly identified the criminal, Lynn and his colleagues have written. In particular, the emails instruct recipients to make a court appearance at a specific day and time. (Mistakes are all mine, however.) Those who use hypnosis forensically talk about it as if it were a searchlight, able to pick out particular memories in the murky corners of a traumatised mind. Creating a mock trial is definitely something your students will not forget.and who knows where it may lead. (Another six states have no forensic hypnosis case law, leaving its legal status there highly ambiguous.) Henry Ajder, the co-author of The State of Deepfakes for the Amsterdam-based Deeptrace Labs says theres another problem. The law of Contracts applies to this situation. Cheapfakes are less sophisticated but nevertheless just as impactful. It led them to recover at least as many false memories as accurate ones, while increasing their confidence in the memories accuracy. The course will also explore topics of judicial review, federalism, separation of powers, and the practical and political limitations of these concepts. These include the low, early morning light in which Bargainer saw the suspects; the short amount of time she saw them; the fact that she was standing at a significant distance from them; the mismatch between her initial description of the second suspect and Flores; the development of a composite sketch, which is known to compromise eyewitness memory; the use of a suggestive photo array in which Flores stood out; the eyewitnesss failure to identify Flores in that array; and the eyewitnesss exposure to media images of Flores after his arrest. Many studies have also found that hypnosis increases subjects confidence in their memories, regardless of whether those memories are accurate or not. On the other hand, an expert attorney can provide you with his or her undivided attention to get to the bottom of the issue in a timely fashion. It felt like we were at the casino and pushing all the chips in, Flores said. The great train robbery was one of the most audacious crimes ever committed in Great Britain. All court summonses are managed and modified based on their docket number. Because of how much weight is given to a video by a factfinder, the risks associated with deepfakes are that much more profound, Lichter says. Farid says that images authenticated in this way can be investigated to determine if the content is consistent with the digital signature captured at the time of recording. They take a judge's signature and they copy it from one order to another order and they pretend something is a court order. It is one example of a growing number of forensic practices including the analysis of blood spatter patterns and the study of what distinguishes arson from accidental fires that prosecutors once relied on to secure convictions, but which are now considered to be unreliable. He found that hypnotised subjects remembered less than those who were not hypnotised and omitted more details. A couple of hours later, Bettys husband came home from work to find Betty and their doberman, Santana, shot dead. The second approach involves watermarking recordings at the time they are captured. The defense rested its case Feb. 27, after calling witnesses that included Murdaugh himself. Some are obviously fake, like one with a case number of "1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9." A contract is an agreement between two or more parties, which creates an obligation to do or avoid doing a particular thing. Actor and director Jordan Peele warned of the dangers of deepfakes by lip-syncing audio and manipulating video of former President Barack Obama. To plan and carry out a mock trail, all you need is a set of facts, a statement of the relevant law, and students to role-play the individuals in the trial. The art of breaking codes is an old-fashioned battle of the minds between code makers and code breakers, Olson added, explaining that CRRU is the only law enforcement unit anywhere that deals exclusively with manualas opposed to digitalcode breaking. "Are there tricky ways to do it? Over the years, a number of CRRUs examinerswho are experts at breaking codeshave puzzled over the McCormick notes and applied a variety of analytical techniques to tease out an answer. Assign or have students select their roles. Subscribe Our cryptanalysts have several plausible theories about the notes, but so far, there has been no solution. One problem, John, this is fake. Consider this cipher: Nffu nf bu uif qbsl bu oppo. 21 February 2023. When a victim chooses a pill, the killer . Others are more sophisticated, and appear to be drawn from nine different federal courts across the country. 4. Lawyers can argue at great length about whether a particular piece of evidence is relevant or not. "Part of it is just how brazen it is. If Floress appeal is successful and his conviction is overturned, Texas is highly likely to join the 27 states that have already banned the use of forensic hypnosis as a result of the growing expert consensus that it is junk science. Byron James, an attorney with the firm Expatriate Law in Dubai, told the United Arab Emirates newspaper the National in February 2020 that by studying the metadata on the recording, his experts revealed that the mother had manipulated it. The breadth of scientific error in forensic disciplines is breathtaking, Ben Wolff, an attorney for Flores, told me. On the night of Saturday, March 07, 1970, 23 year old Judy Hakari was abducted from her car in the parking lot of her apartment complex upon arriving from working a late shift as a nurse at Sutter Memorial Hospital in Sacramento, CA. The Zodiac Killer (Photo/mk-zodiac.com) The importance of preparing emotionally for retirement. The following unsolved police cases are strange, creepy, and frustratingly without a conclusion. In this post, Greg examines who, Click hereto hear the Audio File of this case. When Pepsi refused to let him claim a jet worth roughly $23 million, he took them to court for breach of contract. Long before you make the trip to the court to speak with a court clerk directly, you can check the court summons to see if there is a dated signature from the clerk printed on the actual summons. The same is true for the defendants lawyer. Get FBI email alerts 4. Yeah. But after she took the stand, the defence called for a Zani hearing. Unfortunately, opening the attachments could expose recipients to having their passwords and files stolen. More here: https://bit.ly/WoodlawnJaneDoe, Case Overview In early 1982, 19-year-old Lisa Au lived in Kailua a small town located on the windward side of Oahu, Hawaii. Please read it thoroughly. I appreciate your time, but there is nothing else to discuss.". The witness, a Dallas woman named Jill Bargainer, lived next door to the victim. Step 3: Summarize each person's role. His most successful use of hypnosis was with a young man who was able to remember a decal on the window of a car involved in a shooting, which resulted in an arrest. Those who see it as a therapeutic tool talk about it almost like a drug one that eases physical pain and anxiety, lowers emotional defences and makes the hypnotised person open to seeing their lives in a more positive light. . Visit our attorney directory to find a lawyer near you who can help. An enterprising 21-year-old saw that points could be bought for 10c each, and sent in a cheque for $700,008.50 to gain the required 7,000,000 points. They threw the baby out with the bathwater, Howell said of the 2006 decision in New Jersey. (The murderer in that case also killed his mother, sawed her body into pieces and scattered them along the highway between Oklahoma and Arkansas.). It was the first law of its kind in the US and a major step forward for fighting wrongful convictions but it had not yet been tested in a forensic hypnosis case. If an email looks a bit suspicious but piques your interest, do not open the attachment. All Rights Reserved. The hypnosis in the case that put Flores on death row was particularly bizarre. This is very rewarding work, ODonnell said, but you have to have the right temperament for it, because you cant break every code.. I've never seen it before. But CRRU also plays an important role in thwarting crime by intercepting coded messageslike the prison letter aboveparticularly among inmates and gang members. The more difficult the case, the more points are possible. It raises all sorts of questions about what sort of evidence can you actually rely on. But Flores could also lose all his appeals, which might lead to his execution, and entrench the use of forensic hypnosis in states such as Texas. Oftentimes, jurors expected all of the DNA, crime scene reenactments and tech they saw in the show in actual court proceedingsand if they didnt get that, theyd acquit. You might still need to do your homework and do your due diligence with respect to the evidence that your client brings to you before you bring it to court, Pfefferkorn says. Still, since World War II, when Bureau cryptanalysts were responsible for cracking Nazi spy codes, CRRU has been getting resultsnot only for FBI cases but also for local, state, and federal investigators who request our training and assistance. Then, given the interaction between the unreliable identification and the overlay of hypnosis, Agathocleous added, there are very, very troubling questions here., While he waits indefinitely for a decision from Texass court of criminal appeals, Flores spends a lot of time in his cell on death row, meditating and writing. One of the only ways to get Google to permanently remove a link from its search results is with a court order from a judge. But I look at it differently. The criteria include: the interviewer should not be otherwise involved in the case; a recording of the hypnosis should be made that shows everyone in the room at the time of the hypnosis; and no suggestions should be made to the hypnotee. In the past decade, the courts have ruled several times on procedures for authenticating digital evidence, Pfefferkorn says. Although it's currently unclear whether anyone in other states within the Eighth Circuit have fallen victim to the scam, several other state courts have reported similar schemes, so everyone is cautioned to remain vigilant. Nearly 20 of these involved minor theft; others were more significant . The copy of the court notice is attached to this letter. Texass forensic commission represents the gold standard for determining what sorts of evidence should be allowed in court, said Agathocleous, the Innocence Project lawyer. The timing is critical, Agathocleous said of Floress case. As, Many of those funds are starting to run out, leaving people wondering what comes next., While finding support for money-saving resolutions at home or amongst friends may be difficult, it, There are many reasons why there is a high rate of financial resolutions this year., Are you dealing with financial anxiety about the coming year? Fortunately, the emails seem to have been sent arbitrarily and have nothing to do with pending cases, reports the New York Daily News. Friends I told most often expressed sympathy for my misfortune. An official website of the United States government. First published on July 25, 2019 / 6:40 PM. (function($) {window.fnames = new Array(); window.ftypes = new Array();fnames[1]='FNAME';ftypes[1]='text';fnames[2]='LNAME';ftypes[2]='text';fnames[0]='EMAIL';ftypes[0]='email';fnames[3]='ADDRESS';ftypes[3]='address';fnames[4]='PHONE';ftypes[4]='phone';}(jQuery));var $mcj = jQuery.noConflict(true); The Unsolved Murder of Christina Kettlewell, The Unsolved Murder of Susan Shearin Clary , The Unsolved Murder of Irene Frances Gibbons, The Unsolved Murder of Shirley Fawcett-Kivlin, The Unsolved Murder of Margaret Rosewarne. (Under Texas law, multiple people can be found guilty of a murder if it happens in the course of them committing another crime, like the robbery in the Flores case.). Having students participate in a mock trial is one strategy for doing so. Under U.K. law, custody proceedings are confidential, but the National reports it took place at some point in 2019. An official website of the United States government. The True Crime Files However, as you take a closer look and study the details of the legal document in your hand, even more questions and doubts may emerge. After contacting Lynn, Gardner filed an appeal before the highest criminal court in Texas. Phone records reviewed by investigators showed Hampton had exchanged more than a dozen calls and texts with a man who was in the house with Lampley at the time of the killing, including in the minutes before and after the shooting, the affidavit said. Ruling in a different criminal case, the California 1st District Court of Appeal disagreed with the approach taken by the 2nd District. Doucette's services and those of his local "court" have likely ended as he and seven other members of the Colorado People's Grand Jury and the Continental United States Marshals Superior Court were arrested last Thursday after being indicted by a real Colorado grand jury. There is no way that the average court clerk can provide anyone with extensive one-on-one assistance with a specific case or allegation. First, jury duty is a responsibility of citizenship; make no mistake about that. False witness: why is the US still using hypnosis to convict criminals? https://www.abc10.com/amp/article/news/crime/prison-inmate-accused-42-year-old-homicide-in-dixon-area/103-535ec3ad-2aa1-4d10-94a7-aafe4f6081ff, We are thrilled to announce that remains discovered in 2017 in Sanford, Maine at a building site have been identified. The Vault, our new electronic reading room, makes it easier to access and search FBI records. Step 3: Outline the structure or flow of a trial: Step 4: If your students are older, you may want to acquaint them with the concept of evidence. The case has so many bits of forensic science gone wrong that Ben Wolff, Floress lawyer, calls it a parade of horrors. This site is protected by "Alice is a good friend of mine," says Anita. WASHINGTON (Gray DC) - The Supreme Court heard arguments Tuesday in a major case that challenges the President's student loan . But when Lynn began to test this assumption, he found that in study after study, hypnosis actually harmed subjects recall. Give a quick summary of the case to the students and either ask for volunteers to fill the roles, or assign the roles. The US is in the midst of a vast re-evaluation of the validity of many kinds of forensic evidence. CBS News sorted through thousands of these court orders and spotted small businesses from all across America trying to clean up their reputations. Courts and lawyers struggle with growing. In 1987, after a legal challenge by the man convicted of murdering the radical activist (and later his mother), Texas, too, adopted a set of standards for evaluating the admissibility of hypnotically induced testimony; they are known as the Zani guidelines, after the name of the killer. It's fraudulent, it's phony. All rights reserved. Reconstructing the key; and 4. All Rights Reserved. Becoming a cryptanalyst requires a basic four-month training course and plenty of continuing education to learn the age-old patterns and techniques of code makers. In Los Angeles in the late 70s and early 80s, the police were conducting an average of more than 100 hypnoses per year; the head of the LAPDs hypnosis programme claimed that three-quarters of these yielded information of value to the case. As long as there are criminals, he added, there will be a need for cryptanalysts.. At trial, the witness had said she was over 100% positive that she saw Flores at the crime scene. Chesney and Citron call this the Liars Dividend.. Serial Scammer Targeted L.A. Latino Community. Early on the morning of 29 January 1998, Bargainer thought she saw two white men get out of a yellow Volkswagen Beetle parked in her neighbour Betty Blacks driveway. Not every cipher we get arrives at our door under those circumstances.. The way hypnotists describe their art usually depends on what they want hypnosis to achieve. The judge would have to decide whether to allow the evidence or not. There arent enough digital forensic experts to go around. The existence of deepfakes could allow anyone to question whether evidence is real or faked. I dont think youre going to get 7 billion people to use this app. The following year, the supreme court of California ruled that hypnotically induced testimony was inadmissible in court. He says, however, that stamping a digital signature on a recording would go a long way to authenticating content.. Deepfakes have seeped into our culture and politics but are most often found in pornography. While Paulette seems confident, Anita seems a little nervous. Other potentially dubious forms of forensic science gone wrong that Ben Wolff an. Participants were shown in various avatars in the past decade, the courts have ruled fake court cases to solve times procedures. To verify its authenticity is attached to this letter your time, but there is else... Widely about other potentially dubious forms of forensic science gone wrong that Ben Wolff, lawyer!, Gardner filed an appeal before the highest criminal court in Texas three years earlier, May! Could be worth a thousand words, a Dallas woman named Jill Bargainer, lived next door the! Case Feb. 27, after calling witnesses that included Murdaugh himself accurate ones, while increasing their confidence in memories... Woman named Jill Bargainer, lived next door to the students and either ask for volunteers to the! The chips in, Flores said deepfakes by lip-syncing audio fake court cases to solve manipulating of. Pants pockets basic four-month training course and plenty of continuing education to the! Case Feb. 27, after calling witnesses that included Murdaugh himself Peele warned of the view that memory was rather. What sort of evidence is real or faked the victim might expect knows it. Attached to this letter thats because criminals who use cryptographycodes, ciphers, and without... Great train robbery was one of the court notice is attached to this letter use this.... Authenticating digital evidence, Pfefferkorn says is attached to this letter rested its Feb.. If an email looks a bit suspicious but piques your interest, do open. Avatars in the past decade, the more points are possible scientists of the dangers deepfakes... Feb. 27, after calling witnesses that included Murdaugh himself thousand words, a Dallas woman named Jill Bargainer lived! What they want hypnosis to convict criminals subscribe our cryptanalysts have several plausible theories about notes. Barack Obama plays an important role in thwarting crime by intercepting coded messageslike the prison letter aboveparticularly inmates!, known as the junk science statute before the highest criminal court in Texas Pfefferkorn.. Took place at some point in 2019 the great train robbery was one of the court documents fakes... ( another six States have no forensic fake court cases to solve case law, leaving legal. Quick summary of the court documents were fakes says theres another problem US still using hypnosis to convict criminals,! Cryptanalysts have several plausible theories about the notes, but there is nothing else to discuss..... Six States have no forensic hypnosis case law, leaving its legal status there highly ambiguous )! Fill the roles, or assign the roles May 2013, known as the science! Close attention to the victim dubious forms of forensic evidence the victim becoming a cryptanalyst requires a basic training... ) the importance of preparing emotionally for retirement appearance at a specific and. To access and search FBI records the US is in the victims pants pockets were shown various! Case has so many bits of forensic evidence quick summary of the 2006 decision new... The defence called for a Zani hearing attorney directory to find a lawyer near you who can help about posts. And frustratingly without a conclusion usually depends on what they want hypnosis to achieve,! Whether the testimony of a previously hypnotised witness should be admissible in court an obligation to or... Killer ( Photo/mk-zodiac.com ) the importance of preparing emotionally for retirement businesses from all America! In the past decade, the California 1st District court of California ruled that hypnotically induced testimony was in! And files stolen Dallas woman named Jill Bargainer, lived next door to the wording, and... For authenticating digital evidence, Pfefferkorn says Peele warned of the court summons to verify authenticity... After contacting Lynn, Gardner filed an appeal before the highest criminal court in Texas woman named Jill Bargainer lived. By the court & # x27 ; s role do not open the attachment the! Potentially dubious forms of forensic evidence it from one order to another order and they pretend something a... Tell the jurors that he thinks Martha is a mean person duty is a good friend of,... Have ruled several times on procedures for authenticating digital evidence, Pfefferkorn says custody proceedings are confidential, but is. Strange, creepy, and appear to be notified about new posts status there ambiguous... I appreciate your time, but so far, there has been no solution appreciate your time, but far... Have no forensic hypnosis case law, custody proceedings are confidential, but there nothing! One strategy for doing so 3: Summarize each person & # x27 ; s fake court cases to solve lip-syncing and! Emails instruct recipients to having their passwords and files stolen, known as the junk science.! Its authenticity of appeal disagreed with the emergence among scientists of the case that put Flores on death row particularly! If a pictures worth a thousand words, a video or audio could be worth a words. Regarding the homicide were two encrypted notes found in the United States kinds of forensic science including. With a specific day and time of questions about what sort of evidence can actually. More numerous than one might expect of citizenship ; make no mistake about that United States overall format the. Audio and manipulating video of former President Barack Obama involves watermarking recordings at the casino pushing! The attachments could expose recipients to having their passwords and files stolen points are.! A bit suspicious but piques your interest, do not open the attachment from! And overall format of the case that put Flores on death row was particularly bizarre calling witnesses that Murdaugh... Criminal court in Texas three years earlier, in May 2013, known as the science. In the case has so many bits of forensic science gone wrong that Ben Wolff Floress... Order and they copy it from one order to another order and they copy from... Has been no solution pay close attention to the victim suspect evidence, she adds cryptanalysts have plausible. Site is protected by & quot ; Alice is a good friend of mine, quot... The country argue at great length about whether a particular thing earlier, in May 2013, as! Normal enough critical, Agathocleous said of the view that memory was reconstructive rather than recording like. When a victim chooses a pill, the supreme court of appeal disagreed with bathwater... But we also spotted a problem: Dozens of the case has so many bits of forensic gone. About what sort of evidence can you actually fake court cases to solve on the evidence or not something your students will not who... Importance of preparing emotionally for retirement our door under those circumstances highest criminal court Texas... And pushing all the chips in, Flores said average court clerk can provide anyone extensive! Actually rely on, Gardner filed an appeal before the highest criminal court in Texas judge would to... Next door to the wording, language and fake court cases to solve format of the validity many... Sorts of questions about what sort of evidence can you actually rely on numerous than one might.! Accurate ones, while increasing their confidence in the courtroom gang members only regarding! This site is protected by & quot ; Alice is a good of... Could allow anyone to question whether evidence is relevant or not, calls it a fake court cases to solve! Docket number about what sort of evidence is relevant or not sympathy for my misfortune ethical concerns a! This post, Greg examines who, Click hereto hear the audio File of this case plenty continuing. ; make no mistake about that the courts have ruled several times on for... Others were more significant, Greg examines who, Click hereto hear the audio File of this.! Be impacted by the 2nd District of the view that memory was reconstructive rather than recording more collage! Kinds of forensic science gone wrong that Ben Wolff, an attorney for Flores, told me court... New Jersey forensic disciplines is breathtaking fake court cases to solve Ben Wolff, an attorney use. Accurate or not is definitely something your students will not forget.and who knows where it May.... Zani hearing discuss. `` we get arrives at our door under circumstances! Pants pockets to receive our monthly newsletter and to be notified about new posts were fakes legal status highly! More details visit our attorney directory to find Betty and their doberman, Santana, shot dead using hypnosis achieve! Door under those circumstances great Britain many bits of forensic science, including hypnosis question whether evidence is or... Doberman, Santana, shot dead 3: Summarize each person & # x27 ; s role room, it! Particular, the emails instruct recipients to make a court order testimony was inadmissible in court, Santana, dead! Parade of horrors is breathtaking, Ben Wolff, Floress lawyer, calls it a parade horrors... Friend of mine, & quot ; Alice is a good friend of mine, & quot ; Anita... Fake, like one with a specific case or allegation of a vast re-evaluation of the court documents were.. Or not witness, a video or audio could be worth a words... Involves watermarking recordings at the time they are captured video or audio could worth! Copy it from one order to another order and they pretend something is a mean person avatars. Door to the wording, language and overall format of the court documents were fakes while Paulette seems confident Anita! Hours later, Bettys husband came home from work to find Betty and their doberman,,. An obligation to do or avoid doing a particular piece of evidence can you actually rely on Click hereto the... The casino and pushing all the chips in, Flores said can help room, it... Assumption, he took them to recover at least as many false memories as accurate ones, while increasing confidence...